Quy đồng mẫu thức các phân thức sau:
\(\dfrac{x+y}{x^{2^{ }}.(y+z)}\); \(\dfrac{y+z}{y^2.\left(z+x\right)}\); \(\dfrac{z+x}{z^2.\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{5x}{x^2+5x+6}\); \(\dfrac{2x+3}{x^2+7x+10}\); -5
1) Cho 2 phân thức :
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+3x-10};\dfrac{x}{x^2+7x+10}
\)
Ko dùng cách phân thức mẫu thức thành nhân tử , hãy chứng tỏ rằng có thể quy đồng mẫu thức 2 phân thức này với mẫu thức chung là : x3 +5x2 - 4x - 20
2) Quy đồng mẫu thức các phân thức :
a) \(\dfrac{x-1}{x^3+1};\dfrac{2x}{x^2-x+1};\dfrac{2}{x+1}
\)
b) \(\dfrac{x+y}{x\left(y-z\right)^2};\dfrac{y}{x^2\left(y-z\right)^2};\dfrac{z}{x^2}\)
Bài 1 . Chia :( x3 + 5x2 - 4x - 20) cho ( x2 + 3x - 10) ta được x+ 2
Chia :( x3 + 5x2 - 4x - 20) cho ( x2 + 7x + 10) ta được x - 2
Do đó , ta có :
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2+3x-10}=\dfrac{x+2}{\left(x^2+3x-10\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\dfrac{x+2}{x^3+5x^2-4x-20}\)
Và : \(\dfrac{x}{x^2+7x+10}=\dfrac{x\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x^2+7x+10\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2-2x}{x^3+5x^2-4x-20}\)
Bài 2 . a) Ta có :
\(\dfrac{x-1}{x^3+1}\)( giữ nguyên)
\(\dfrac{2x}{x^2-x+1}=\dfrac{2x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2x^2+2x}{x^3+1}\)
\(\dfrac{2}{x+1}=\dfrac{2\left(x^2-x+1\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2x^2-2x+2}{x^3+1}\)
b) Ta có MTC = x2( y - z)2
Ta có :
\(\dfrac{x+y}{x\left(y-z\right)^2}=\dfrac{x^2+xy}{x^2\left(y-z\right)^2}\)
\(\dfrac{y}{x^2\left(y-z\right)^2}\)( giữ nguyên )
\(\dfrac{z}{x^2}=\dfrac{z\left(y-z\right)^2}{x^2\left(y-z\right)^2}\)
cho x,y,z là các số thực dương thỏa mãn x+y+z=xyz.CMR
\(\dfrac{x}{1+x^2}+\dfrac{2y}{1+y^2}+\dfrac{3z}{1+z^2}=\dfrac{xyz\left(5x+4y+3z\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
cho các số x,y,z thoả mãn \(\dfrac{x}{y-z}+\dfrac{y}{z-x}+\dfrac{z}{x-y}=0\)
tính giá trị biểu thức A=\(\dfrac{x}{\left(y-z\right)^2}+\dfrac{y}{\left(z-x\right)^2}+\dfrac{z}{\left(x-y\right)^2}\)
Lời giải:
\(A=\left(\frac{x}{y-z}+\frac{y}{z-x}+\frac{z}{x-y}\right)\left(\frac{1}{y-z}+\frac{1}{z-x}+\frac{1}{x-y}\right)-\frac{x}{(y-z)(z-x)}-\frac{x}{(y-z)(x-y)}-\frac{y}{(z-x)(x-y)}-\frac{y}{(z-x)(y-z)}-\frac{z}{(x-y)(y-z)}-\frac{z}{(x-y)(z-x)}\)
\(=0-\frac{x(x-y)+x(z-x)+y(y-z)+y(x-y)+z(z-x)+z(y-z)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}\)
\(=0-\frac{x^2+xz+y^2+xy+z^2+zy-(xy+x^2+yz+y^2+zx+z^2)}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}=0-\frac{0}{(x-y)(y-z)(z-x)}=0\)
Rút gọn:
\(\dfrac{2ax^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}\)
\(\dfrac{4x^2-4xy}{5x^3-5x^2y}\)
\(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}\)
\(\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}\)
\(\dfrac{2a\cdot x^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{5b\left(1-x^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{5b\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{-2a\left(x-1\right)}{5b\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{4x^2-4xy}{5x^3-5x^2y}\)
\(=\dfrac{4x\cdot x-4x\cdot y}{5x^2\cdot x-5x^2\cdot y}\)
\(=\dfrac{4x\left(x-y\right)}{5x^2\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5x}\)
\(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y-z\right)}{x+y+z}\)
=x+y-z
\(\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^6-y^6\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^3+y^3\right)\left(x^3-y^3\right)}=\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)}\)
Rút gọn phân thức:
1, \(\dfrac{x^2+y^2-1+2xy}{x^2-y^2+1+2x}\)
2, \(\dfrac{x^4-y^4}{x^3+y^3}\)
3, \(\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz}{\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2}\)
4, \(\dfrac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)^3+\left(y^2-z^2\right)^3+\left(z^2-x^2\right)^3}{\left(x-y\right)^3+\left(y-z\right)^3+\left(z-x\right)^3}\)
5, \(\dfrac{x^3-7x+6}{x^2\left(x-3\right)^2+4x\left(3-x\right)^2+4\left(x-3\right)^2}\)
1: \(=\dfrac{\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)-1}{\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-y^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y+1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)}{\left(x+1-y\right)\left(x+1+y\right)}=\dfrac{x+y-1}{x-y+1}\)
2: \(=\dfrac{\left(x^2-y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)}{x^2-xy+y^2}\)
3: \(=\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)-3xyz}{2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2\right)-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)}{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Tìm x,y,z biết :
1) \(x:y:z=3:5:\left(-2\right)\) và \(5x-y+3z=-16\)
2) \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{y}{-3};\dfrac{z}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}\) và \(x+y+z=5,2\)
3) \(2x=3y;7z=5y\) và \(3x-7y+5z=30\)
4) \(3x=4y=5z\) và \(x-\left(y+z\right)=-21\)
5) \(\dfrac{x-1}{2}=\dfrac{y-2}{3}=\dfrac{z-3}{4}\) và \(2x+3y-z=50\)
Chứng minh đẳng thức:
a) \(\dfrac{y}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\dfrac{z}{\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}+\dfrac{x}{\left(z-x\right)\left(x-y\right)=0}\)
b) \(\dfrac{x^2}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\dfrac{y^2}{\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\dfrac{z^2}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)=1}\)
c) \(\dfrac{1}{x\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\dfrac{1}{y\left(y-z\right)\left(y-x\right)}+\dfrac{1}{z\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\)
a: \(\dfrac{y}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}-\dfrac{z}{\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}-\dfrac{x}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{xy-yz-xz+yz-xy+xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
=0
c: \(=\dfrac{1}{x\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}-\dfrac{1}{y\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)}+\dfrac{1}{z\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{zy\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{xyz\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{zy^2-z^2y-x^2z+xz^2+xy\left(x-y\right)}{xyz\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\)
Chứng minh các bất đẳng thức sau với x, y, z > 0
a) \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
b) \(x^3+y^3\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^3}{4}\)
c) \(x^4+y^4\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^4}{8}\)
e) \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)
f) \(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge3xyz\)
a) \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2\ge\left(x+y\right)^2\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
b) \(x^3+y^3\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^3}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^3+4y^3\ge\left(x+y\right)^3\Leftrightarrow3x^3+3y^3\ge3x^2y+3xy^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2\left(x-y\right)-3y^2\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\ge0\left(đúng\right)\)
a: Ta có: \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2-x^2-2xy-y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
1. Tìm giá trị của x để các phân thức sau = 0 .
a) \(\dfrac{x^4+x^3+x+1}{x^4-x^3+2x^2-x+1}\)
b)\(\dfrac{x^4-5x^2+4}{x^4-10x^2+9}\)
2. Rút gọn các phân thức :
a) \(\dfrac{a^2\left(b-c\right)+b^2\left(c-a\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}{ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2}\)
b) \(\dfrac{2x^3-7x^2-12x+45}{3x^3-19x^2+33x-9}\)
c) \(\dfrac{x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz}{\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+x\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
d)\(\dfrac{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz}{\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2}\)
Bài 1:
a: \(A=\dfrac{x^4+x^3+x+1}{x^4-x^3+2x^2-x+1}=\dfrac{x^3\left(x+1\right)+\left(x+1\right)}{x^4-x^3+x^2+x^2-x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^3+1\right)}{\left(x^2-x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{x^2+1}\)
Để A=0 thì x+1=0
hay x=-1
b: \(B=\dfrac{x^4-5x^2+4}{x^4-10x^2+9}=\dfrac{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2-4\right)}{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2-9\right)}=\dfrac{x^2-4}{x^2-9}\)
Để B=0 thi (x-2)(x+2)=0
=>x=2 hoặc x=-2